This study presents a comparative analysis of Ayatollah Javadi Amoli and Paul Tillich's views on reward and punishment in the afterlife. Javadi Amoli, drawing upon Transcendent Philosophy, considers reward and punishment as intrinsic and ontological consequences of human actions, emphasizing the principle of correspondence between actions and their outcomes. In contrast, Tillich, with an existentialist approach, interprets reward as union with the "Ground of Being" and punishment as the experience of alienation from God. This study reveals that Javadi Amoli upholds the objective realization of both bodily and spiritual resurrection, whereas Tillich leans towards symbolic language and existential experience in explaining human destiny. Moreover, while Javadi Amoli considers free will as the basis of human responsibility, Tillich stresses the acceptance of divine grace as the means of overcoming anxiety and existential void. By examining their differences and similarities, this research contributes to the expansion of comparative theological and eschatological studies.