Reason and Religion

Reason and Religion

Analytical investigation of moral act from the point of view of Mulla Sadra and its consequences

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
1 PhD Student, Department of Moral Philosophy, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Philosophy of Ethics, University of Qom, Qom,
Abstract
The soul is a single, simple reality that possesses all the perfections and powers inherent in itself. The specific feature of the human soul is its power of selection, which allows it to determine the existential level and, consequently, the essence. The soul is the true subject of all actions; therefore, all perceptions and manifestations, including moral actions, are the result of the levels of the soul. The purpose of this research is to explain the relationship between the levels of the soul and moral action in Sadra's works using a descriptive-analytical method. According to Sadra, the closer a person is to the highest levels, the more actualized existential perfections he witnesses in the fields of knowledge and goodness, and the greater the possibility of issuing moral actions from him. Therefore, we divided the actions of the soul into legal, religious, and moral categories based on the levels of unity of the soul with reality, and explained the process of issuing and the differences of moral action in origin, intention, and goal compared to other actions. Next, by explaining the will of God based on the capacity of the human will and critically considering the limitations of the human will in relation to the will of God, we preserved and proved the two prerequisites of moral action: man has absolute will; therefore, he has absolute responsibility for moral actions in the positive sense. Also, from a negative perspective, God is not the cause of moral evil.
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Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 05 November 2025